■ ~んですが…
Meaning: “Well, the thing is…” / “It’s just that…” (used to explain a situation softly)
Used to politely explain your current situation and often implies that you’re asking for help, advice, or action from the listener.
It softens the tone and invites the listener to respond or assist.
Often used when reporting problems, making requests, or leading into a question.
■ V-そうです
Meaning: “It looks like 〜” / “It seems like 〜” / “It’s likely that 〜”
Used to express an expectation or prediction about what will likely happen.
Unlike the そうです that describes visual appearance with adjectives (e.g. おいしそうです), this use is for verbs and is based on context or signs.
To say how long it might take, use a duration (e.g. 10分[ぷん]ぐらい) followed by で to show the time range:
→ 10分[ぷん]ぐらいで 終[お]わりそうです (It looks like it’ll finish in about 10 minutes).
■ V-たいとき、~
Meaning: “When I want to do 〜”
Used to describe what to do when you want to do something.
Commonly paired with どうすれば いいですか? to ask for advice or instructions:
The タイ-form expresses desire (e.g. 行[い]きたい, 食[た]べたい), and とき marks the timing or condition.
■ V-ると、~
Meaning: “When you do 〜, 〜 happens” / “If you do 〜, 〜”
Verb (dictionary form) + と、Result
e.g. この ボタンを 押[お]すと、コピーが 始[はじ]まります。)
Used to explain that one action naturally leads to a result.
Often appears in manuals or instructions, especially when describing how to operate machines or tools.
The result is something that always or naturally happens after the action.
Not used for expressing a personal intention or request in the result part.
✔️ 押[お]すと、コピーが 始[はじ]まります。
✖️ 押[お]すと、コピーしてください。
■ はい、【negative sentence】 ■ いいえ、【positive sentence】
Meaning: “Yes, that’s correct (negative statement).” / “No, that’s incorrect (it’s actually positive).”
A: 【Negative Question】〜ないですか?
B: はい、〜ないです。/いいえ、〜ます/ました。
When answering a negative question, use:
はい → if you agree with the negative (it’s correct).
いいえ → if you disagree with the negative (it’s not correct).
In Japanese, はい confirms what the other person said, even if it is negative.
✔️ A: コピー機[き]、使[つか]ったことないですか?
✔️ B: はい、ないです。
✖️ B: いいえ、ないです。(This would confuse the listener.)