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Book2_2

    Japanese Grammar – Book 2 Lesson 2

    ■ V-ることです

    Meaning: “Doing V (as a noun phrase)”

    Formation:
    Verb (dictionary form) ＋ こと ＋ です
    Key Point:

    Attaching こと to the dictionary form of a verb turns the verb into a noun-like phrase.

    For する-verbs, you can say either Nをすることです or simply Nです.

    Example
    Ａ：
    趣味[しゅみ]は　何[なん]ですか What is your hobby?
    Ｂ：
    趣味[しゅみ]？うーん、音楽[おんがく]を　聞[き]くことです。 Hobby? Well, I like to listen to music.

    ■ V-るのが　好[す]きです

    Meaning: “I like doing V.”

    Formation:
    Verb (dictionary form) ＋ の ＋ が ＋ 好[す]きです
    Key Point:

    Used to express that you like doing something.

    の turns a verb into a noun-like phrase, similar to こと.

    Commonly follows the structure: V-るのが 好[す]きです.

    Negative forms: ～のは 好[す]きじゃないです / ～のは 好[す]きじゃありません.

    Example
    テニスは、するのも　見[み]るのも　大[だい]好[す]きです。 I like playing and watching tennis.
    出[で]かけるのは、あまり　好[す]きじゃないです。 I do not really like to go out.

    【person】と／【place】で　V-ます

    Meaning: “”Do V with someone at a place”

    Formation:
    Person ＋ と ＋ Place ＋ で ＋ Vます
    Key Point:

    と indicates the person you do something with.

    で indicates the place where the action takes place.

    The order of と and で can be flexible in conversation

    Example
    Ａ：いつも、どこでサッカーをしますか？ Where do you usually play soccer?
    Ｂ：公園[こうえん]で　します。 I play soccer in a park.
    Ａ：だれと　しますか？。 Who do you play with?
    Ｂ：会社[かいしゃ]の　友[とも]だちとです。 With friends from work.

    ■ V1-て、V2

    Meaning: “Do V1, and then do V2”

    Formation:
    Verb 1 (テ-form) ＋、Verb 2
    Key Point:

    Used to connect two or more actions or events in sequence.

    The テ-form acts as a connector between verbs.

    Example
    昨日[きのう]は、バドミントンをして、そのあと、みんなで　ご飯[はん]を　食[た]べました。 Yesterday, we played badminton and then had dinner together.
    来週[らいしゅう]の　日曜日[にちようび]は、バドミントンをして、そのあと、みんなで　ご飯[はん]を　食[た]べたいです。 Next Sunday, I hope that we play badminton and then have dinner together.

    ■ V-て　います ②

    Meaning: “Currently doing / Habitually doing V”

    Formation:
    Verb (テ-form) ＋ います
    Key Point:

    Indicates a continuous or repeated action over a period of time.

    Used for ongoing lessons, practices, or habits.

    Expresses actions that are part of someone’s lifestyle or routine.

    Example
    週[しゅう]に　1回[かい]、中国[ちゅうごく]語[ご]を　勉強[べんきょう]しています。 I study Chinese once a week.
    去年[きょねん]から、空手[からて]を　習[なら]っています。 I have been taking karate lessons since last year.
    毎朝[まいあさ]、ジョギングを　しています。 I jog every morning.

    ■ N が　できます

    Meaning: “Can do / be able to do N”

    Formation:
    Noun ＋ が ＋ できます
    Key Point:

    Indicates ability or possibility to do something.

    Often used with languages, sports, or skills.

    Can also describe capabilities in activities such as music or games.

    Example
    Ａ：
    日本[にほん]語[ご]が　できますか？ Can you speak Japanese?
    Ｂ：
    はい 、 少[すこ]し　できます。 I can speak a little.
    私[わたし]は　テニスが　できます。ピアノも　できます。 I can play tennis and the piano.