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Book3_4

    Japanese Grammar – Book 3 Lesson 4

    ■ N なら、～

    Meaning: “If it’s N, then…” / “Speaking of N…”

    Formation:
    Noun + なら、～
    Key Point:

    Used to respond to someone by picking up on the keyword they mentioned (N).

    It shows that your response is related specifically to that topic or situation.

    Often used to give suggestions, advice, or information based on the other person’s question or statement.

    Example
    Ａ：
    おいしい　ラーメン屋[や]さん、知[し]りませんか？ Do you know any restaurants that serve tasty ramen?
    Ｂ：
    おいしい　店[みせ]なら 、「 千歩[せんぽ]」だね。 I recommend Sempo for tasty ramen.
    Ａ：
    安[やす]く　お昼[ひる]ご飯[はん]が　食[た]べたいんですけど…。 I would like to eat inexpensive lunch.
    Ｂ：
    安[やす]い　店[みせ]が　 いいなら 、「 田山[たやま]食堂[しょくどう]」かな。安[やす]いし、おいしいよ。 For an inexpensive lunch, I recommend Tayama Shokudo because it is cheap and delicious.

    ■ V-て、～ / V-ないで、～

    Meaning: “Do ～ and then…” / “Do ～ without doing…”

    Formation:

    Verb (テ-form) + ～

    Verb (ナイ-form) + で + ～

    Key Point:

    Used to describe the manner or condition in which the next action is taken.

    V-て、～: The action is done in that state.

    V-ないで、～: The action is done without doing the first action. Often appears when giving instructions or explaining how to do something.

    Example
    サラダには、このドレッシングを　かけて　食[た]べてください。 Please use this dressing to eat the salad.
    この果物[くだもの]は、皮[かわ]を　むかないで、そのまま　食[た]べられます。 You can eat this fruit as is without peeling.

    ■ V-ちゃ だめです

    Meaning: “You must not ～.” / “Don’t ～.”

    Formation:
    Verb (テ-form) → V-ちゃ / V-じゃ + だめです  (ちゃ for Vて / じゃ for Vで)
    Key Point:

    This is a casual expression used to prohibit or warn against doing something.

    It is the shortened form of V-ては だめです.

    Common in spoken language when giving casual instructions or warnings.

    Example
    そんなに　たくさん　しょうゆを　かけちゃ　だめですよ。 Don’t add so much soy sauce.
    Ａ：
    あっ、これは　もう　古[ふる]いから、食[た]べちゃ　だめです。 Oh, this is old, so don’t eat it.
    Ｂ：
    そうなんですか 。 Is that so?

    ■ V-てから、～

    Meaning: “After doing V, (do something else).”

    Formation:
    Verb (テ-form) + から + action/result
    Key Point:

    Used to indicate the sequence of actions. The action before から happens first, followed by the next.

    Commonly used to explain procedure or order.

    Example
    お好[この]み焼[や]きは　最初[さいしょ]に　具[ぐ]を　よく　混[ま]ぜてから、焼[や]きます。 Mix the ingredients well first and then cook the okonomiyaki.

    ■ S1が、S2

    Meaning: “S1, but S2.” / “Although S1, S2.”

    Formation:
    Sentence 1 (polite/plain form) + が + Sentence 2
    Key Point:

    Used to express contrast between two statements. While ～けど is common in spoken language, ～が sounds more formal and is often used in writing or polite conversation.

    Example
    料理[りょうり]は　とても　おいしかったですが、少[すこ]し　値段[ねだん]が　高[たか]かったです。 The dishes were very tasty but slightly expensive.