■ Nです
Meaning: “It is N.” / “I am N.”
Used to state identity or give simple information politely.
■ N1は N2です
Meaning: “N1 is N2.”
The particle は marks the topic of the sentence.
■ 【Place】から 来[き]ました
Meaning: “I’m from [Place].”
から means “from.”
来[き]ました is the past form of the verb 来[き]ます (to come), used here to indicate origin.
Used to say where you are from (country, city, etc.).
■ Nは?
Meaning: “[How about] N?” / “What about N?”
(Used to ask a question by raising intonation)
は marks the topic.
Saying Nは? with rising intonation makes it a question.
Can be used after someone’s name to ask the same question: e.g., ニンさんは?
You can add お or ご before certain nouns to make the question more polite (e.g., お名前[なまえ]は?, ご出身[しゅっしん]は?).
■ Sか?
Meaning: “Is it S?” / “Are you S?”
(Used to form a question)
Add か at the end of a statement and use rising intonation to turn it into a question.
For example: 友[とも]だちです。→ 友[とも]だちですか?
“あなた” (you) is rarely used in conversation. Instead, use the listener’s name with さん (e.g., マイさん).
When talking to a group, you can use みなさん (everyone).
Omit subjects (like names or みなさん) when the context is clear.
Do not use さん with your own name, as it is an honorific.
■ Nも
Meaning: “also” / “too” / “as well”
も replaces the particle は or が to show similarity or inclusion.
Used to say something applies to someone/something in addition to what was said before.
Example: ケマラさんも ベトナムから ですか? (Are you also from Vietnam?)
Short replies like 私[わたし]もです (“Me too”) are commonly used in conversation.
■ Nじゃないです
Meaning: “It is not N.” / “I’m not N.”
This is the negative form of Nです.
Used to deny or correct information (e.g., ベトナムじゃないです = I’m not from Vietnam).
じゃないです is the spoken form; in writing, ではないです is used.
A more formal alternative is Nじゃありません.