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Book2_17

    Japanese Grammar – Book 2 Lesson 17

    ■ V(plain-form)+ N ②

    Meaning: “N that (someone) V-ed”

    Formation:
    Verb (タ-form / plain past form) + noun
    Key Point:

    This pattern is used to qualify a noun with a タ-form of verbs.

    It explains what someone did to the noun (i.e., the noun is the object of the verb).

    Often used to explain what you brought, made, or bought.

    例: ネパールから 持[も]ってきた 飾[かざ]り(a decoration I brought from Nepal)

    私[わたし]が 作[つく]った おかし(sweets I made)

    京都[きょうと]で 買[か]った おみやげ(a souvenir I bought in Kyoto)

    Example
    A:
    私[わたし]が 作[つく]った 料理[りょうり]です。よかったら、どうぞ。 This is a dish I made. Please try some if you would like.
    B:
    いただきます。 Thank you.

    これ、北海道[ほっかいどう]で 買[か]った バターです。おいしいですよ。 This is butter I bought in Hokkaido. It is delicious.

    ■ 【person】に【thing】を もらいます

    Meaning: “to receive something from someone”

    Formation:
    【person】に(or から)+【thing】を もらいます
    Key Point:

    This expression is used when you receive something.

    The giver is marked with に or から, and the thing received is marked with を.

    Example
    A:
    今年[ことし]の 誕生日[たんじょうび]に、何[なに]か もらいましたか? Did you get anything for your birthday this year?
    B:
    父[ちち]に 時計[とけい]を もらいました。 My father gave me a watch.

    ■ 【person】が【thing】を くれます

    Meaning: “someone gives (me/us) something”

    Formation:
    【person】が+【thing】を くれます
    Key Point:

    This expression is used when someone gives something to you (or someone close to you).

    The giver is marked with が, and the thing given is marked with を.

    The receiver (you) is usually not mentioned because it’s understood from the context.

    例: 母[はは]が プレゼントを くれました。

    友[とも]だちが おかしを くれました。

    Example
    A:
    その時計[とけい]、すてきですね。 That is a nice watch.
    B:
    父[ちち]が 誕生日[たんじょうび]に くれました。 My father gave it to me for my birthday.