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Book3_11

    Japanese Grammar – Book 3 Lesson 11

    ■ V-てみても　いいですか？

    Meaning: “May I try [V]?”

    Formation:
    V (テ-form) + みても いいですか？
    Key Point:

    This expression is used to ask for permission to try something.

    It is commonly used when asking for permission to try on clothes or other items in a store.

    This structure is derived from V-て みます (to try doing [V]), changed to ask for permission.

    Example
    A：
    すみません。このペン、使[つか]ってみても　いいですか？ Excuse me. May I try using this pen?
    Ｂ：
    どうぞ 。 Sure.

    ■ イA- すぎます

    Meaning: “Too [adjective]”

    Formation:

    イ-adjectiveい + すぎます

    ナ-adjectiveな+ すぎます

    Key Point:

    すぎます (すぎる) is used to express that something is excessive or over the top.

    Example
    A：
    このジャケット、いいですね。 The jacket looks nice.
    Ｂ：
    でも、高[たか]すぎますよ。 But it is too expensive.

    ■ ナA- な の

    ■ イA- い の

    Meaning: “The [adjective] one”

    Formation:

    イ-adjectiveい + の

    ナ-adjectiveな + の

    Key Point:

    の is used to refer to the thing described by the adjective, often replacing the noun that was previously mentioned.

    This structure is commonly used when asking for or referring to specific items based on their qualities, especially when the noun has already been mentioned or is implied.

    Example
    A：
    どのセーターが　好[す]きですか？ Which sweater do you like?
    Ｂ：
    私[わたし]は、赤[あか]いのが　いいです。 I prefer the red one.

    ■ N を V-（ら）れます (Passive ③)

    Meaning: “I got [something] done to me” or “My [thing] was affected by someone.

    Formation:

    Group 1 （u-verbs): Change the final “u” to “a” + れます

    Group 2 (る-verbs): V-る + られます

    Group 3 (Irregular verbs):

    する → されます

    来[く]る → 来[こ]られます

    Key Point:

    This expression is used when an action is done to the speaker or the speaker’s belongings.

    The subject of the sentence is the person who is affected by the action, not the person doing the action.

    Example: 私[わたし]は 自転車[じてんしゃ]を 盗[ぬす]まれました (I got my bicycle stolen).

    Belongings do not become the subject in passive sentences. Instead, the person affected becomes the subject.

    Passive forms are used to indicate actions done to belongings, such as:

    とられる (to get taken)

    壊[こわ]される (to get broken)

    This structure can also be used with body parts, for example:

    足[あし]を 踏[ふ]まれる (to get one’s foot stepped on)

    腕[うで]を 引[ひ]っ張[ぱ]られる (to get one’s arm pulled)

    Example
    A：
    何[なに]か　あったんですか？ What happened?
    Ｂ：
    バスの　中[なか]で、携帯[けいたい]を　とられました。 I got my cell phone stolen on the bus.
    Ａ：
    くつ、汚[よご]れていますよ。 Your shoes are dirty.
    Ｂ：
    電車[でんしゃ]の　中[なか]で、足[あし]を　踏[ふ]まれたんです。 I got my foot stepped on while I was on the train.

    ■ S（plain-form）かもしれません

    Meaning: “Maybe [something] happened” / “It might be [something]”

    Formation:

    Use the plain form of the verb or adjective.

    Nounだ ＋ かもしれません

    ナ-adjectivesだ ＋ かもしれません

    イ-adjectivesい ＋ かもしれません

    V (Plain-form) ＋ かもしれません

    Key Point:

    This expression indicates possibility, but the speaker is not certain.

    It expresses a low probability, suggesting that the speaker is unsure.

    In casual spoken language, the expression can be shortened to ～かも.

    Example
    A：
    あ、スマホが　ないです。さっきの　店[みせ]に　忘[わす]れたかも　しれません I cannot find my smartphone. I might have left it at the restaurant we went to earlier.
    Ｂ：
    じゃあ 、 行[い]ってみましょう。 Okay, let’s go check.
    Ａ：
    店[みせ]に　電話[でんわ]したけど、だれも　出[で]ないよ。 I called the restaurant, but no one answers.
    Ｂ：
    今日[きょう]は、休[やす]みかもね。 It might be closed today.

    ■ V-て しまいました

    Meaning: “I ended up [verb]” / “I regretted doing [verb]” / “I accidentally [verb]”

    Formation:
    V (テ-form) ＋ しまいました
    Key Point:

    This expression is used to express regret, disappointment, or something that happened unexpectedly or accidentally

    It conveys disappointment or regret over something that happened.

    In the spoken language, this expression is often shortened to ～ちゃった.

    Example
    ２か月[げつ]前[まえ]に　買[か]った　掃除機[そうじき]が、もう　壊[こわ]れてしまいました。 The vacuum cleaner I bought two months ago is already broken.
    A：
    そのスマホ、どうしたんですか？ What happened to the smartphone?
    Ｂ：
    さっき　落[お]としちゃったんです。 I dropped it earlier.