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Book3_6

    Japanese Grammar – Book 3 Lesson 6

    ■ V-るつもりです

    Meaning: “I plan to do…” / “I intend to…”

    Formation:
    Verb (dictionary form) + つもりです
    Key Point:

    Used to express the speaker’s intention or specific plans.

    Describes actions the speaker has already decided to do.

    Can also be used with the ナイ-form to say you don’t intend to do something.

    Different from V-たいです, which expresses desire without confirming a definite plan.

    Example
    A：
    休[やす]みは　どうしますか？ What are your plans for your day off?
    Ｂ：
    箱根[はこね]に　行[い]く　つもりです。 I am going to Hakone.
    時間[じかん]が　ないので、神社[じんじゃ]には　行[い]かない　つもりです。 I will not go to see the shrine because I do not have the time.

    ■ V-（られ）て、～

    ■ V-（られ）なくて、～

    Meaning: “I was able to do…, so…” / “I couldn’t do…, so…”

    Formation:

    Potential-form verb (テ-form) + 〜

    Potential-form verb (negative なくて-form) + 〜

    Key Point:

    Used to express feelings or impressions based on what one could or couldn’t do.

    ～て is used when the speaker was able to do something.

    ～なくて is used when the speaker was not able to do something.

    Often followed by emotional reactions like うれしい, ざんねん, たのしい, or おもしろい.

    Example
    きれいな　夕日[ゆうひ]が　見[み]られて、感動[かんどう]しました。 It was impressive that I could see a beautiful sunset.
    金閣寺[きんかくじ]に　行[い]けなくて、残念[ざんねん]でした。 I was disappointed that I could not go to Kinkakuji Temple.

    ■ S1し、S2し、～

    Meaning: “S1, and S2, and…” / “Not only S1, but also S2…”

    Formation:
    Sentence (plain-form) + し、Sentence (plain-form) + し、～
    Key Point:

    Used to list multiple reasons or actions that led to a conclusion or impression.

    Can be used with potential-form verbs, adjectives, and other sentence types.

    Often used when giving multiple reasons for feelings like 楽[たの]しかったです (It was fun).

    Example
    温泉[おんせん]にも　入[はい]れたし、ゆっくり　できたし、よかったです。 I am glad that I was able to bathe in the hot springs and relax.
    沖縄[おきなわ]、いいですよね。海[うみ]で　泳[およ]げるし、おいしいものも　食[た]べられるし。 I agree that Okinawa is nice. You can swim in the ocean and eat delicious food.

    ■ V-るとき、～

    ■ V-ているとき、～

    ■ V-た とき、～

    Meaning: “When V happens…” / “While doing V…” / “After doing V…”

    Formation:

    Verb (dictionary-form) + とき、～

    Verb (テ-form) + いる + とき、～

    Verb (タ-form) + とき、～

    Key Point:

    V-るとき: Refers to the time before an action occurs (e.g., before going).

    V-ているとき: Refers to the time while the action is happening.

    V-たとき: Refers to the time after the action is completed.

    Example
    ① 富士山[ふじさん]に　登[のぼ]っているとき、空[そら]が　晴[は]れました。 The sky cleared up while I was climbing Mt. Fuji.
    ② 富士山[ふじさん]に　行[い]くとき、バスに　乗[の]りました。 I got on a bus when I went to Mt. Fuji.
    ③ 家[いえ]に　着[つ]いたとき、疲[つか]れて　動[うご]けませんでした。 When I got home, I was too tired to move.

    ■ 【person】と【number of people】で

    Meaning: With (person), in a group of (number of people)

    Formation:
    【person】+ と + 【number of people】で
    Key Point:

    Used to say who you did something with and how many people were in the group.

    The number includes yourself.

    Can be used with one or more people (e.g., 友[とも]だちと3人で = with two friends, total of three people).

    Example
    今度[こんど]、今田[いまだ]さんと　バイさんと　 3 人[にん]で　日帰[ひがえ]り旅行[りょこう]に　行[い]きます。 The three of us, Imada-san, Bai-san, and I, are going on a day trip together soon.