■ ～たら、～
Meaning: “If/when S1 happens, then S2.”
Verb (past plain-form) + ら + Sentence
イ-adjectiveい+ かったら + Sentence
ナ-adjectiveな + だったら + Sentence
Noun + だったら + Sentence
Used to talk about what will happen if or when a condition is met.
Two uses:
① Hypothetical condition: The event might or might not happen.
② Fixed condition: The event is certain to happen, and the speaker talks about what happens afterward.
■ V-（ら）れます ＜ Passive-form①
Meaning: “Something is done (passively)”
Group 1 （u-verbs): Change the final “u” to “a” + れます
e.g., 書[か]く( kaku ) → 書[か]かれます (kakaれます) ）
Group 2 (る-verbs): Remove る and add られます
e.g., 食[た]べる → 食[た]べられます）
Group 3 (Irregular verbs):
する → されます
来[く]る → 来[こ]られます
Used when the event or action is more important than the person who does it.
Often used in formal announcements, especially for events like concerts, festivals, and meetings.
The subject of the sentence becomes the thing affected (e.g., コンサート), not the doer.
Common expressions:
開[ひら]かれます (will be held),
開催[かいさい]されます (will be hosted),
行[おこな]われます (will take place)
■ V-（られ）ます ＜ Potential-form②＞
Meaning: “can do (something)” / “be able to do”
Group 1 (u-verbs): Change the final “u” to the “e” + ます
e.g., 飲[の]む → 飲[の]めます）
Group 2 (る-verbs): Remove る and add られます
e.g., 食[た]べる → 食[た]べられます）
Group 3 (Irregular verbs):
する → できます
来[く]る → 来[こ]られます
Used to express ability or skill when the person is the subject.
Differs from the usage in Lesson 5, which focuses on possibility due to the situation.
The object of the verb takes the particle が instead of を.
(e.g., ダンスをする → ダンスができます)