なります expresses a change in state.

Used to describe changes in condition, temperature, status, etc.

いちばん means “number one” or “the most.”

When placed before an adjective, it emphasizes the highest degree.

Used to express preference or discomfort.

Adding の to an adjective turns it into a noun-like phrase.

好[す]きです shows liking something; 苦手[にがて]です shows you’re not fond of it.

In negative sentences, が often changes to は:

e.g., ～のは好[す]きじゃないです／苦手[にがて]じゃありません

から indicates a reason or cause.

Placed at the end of a sentence to explain why something is the case.

This structure gives the reason for the previous sentence.

Verb sentences can also appear before から.

から connects two sentences and shows that S1 is the reason for S2.

Used with noun sentences, adjective sentences, and verb sentences.

Placing the reason (S1) before the result (S2) makes the logic of the sentence clear.

Commonly used in both spoken and written Japanese.

や connects nouns and is used to give examples, not a complete list.

Implies that there are other items not mentioned.

など can be added after the last noun for emphasis: N1やN2など.

Used to give casual examples of things, especially in spoken language.

Unlike や, とか can be used even with only one item.

Implies that other similar items exist but are not mentioned.

Can also be used with verbs and adjectives, not just nouns